Glycolic Acid vs the Best Active Ingredients (2024 Comparison)

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When it comes to skincare, choosing the right active ingredients can make all the difference. With so many options available, deciding which is best suited for your skin concerns can be challenging. In this comprehensive comparison, we will delve into the benefits and uses of glycolic acid is mainly used and how it stacks up against other popular active ingredients in 2024. Whether you're looking to address skin aging, acne, pigmentation, or hydration, this guide will help you make an informed decision on the best ingredient for your skincare routine.

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What is Glycolic Acid?

Topical Glycolic acid, a type of alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), is derived from sugarcane. Known for its small molecular size, it penetrates the skin deeply, making it one of the most effective hydroxy. Glycolic acid works by exfoliating the outer layer of the epidermis of dead skin cells, revealing a fresher, brighter complexion. For a more detailed exploration, please refer to our dedicated article on glycolic acid.

Benefits of Glycolic Acid

Glycolic acid offers numerous benefits for the new skin:

  • Exfoliation: Glycolic acid effectively layers off dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover and revealing smoother skin.
  • Brightening: By reducing dullness and hyperpigmentation, glycolic acid helps to achieve a more even skin tone.
  • Anti-aging: It stimulates collagen production, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
  • Acne Treatment: Glycolic acid can help to unclog pores and reduce anti-acne breakouts.
  • Improved Texture: Regular use leads to softer and more refined skin tone and texture.

In summary, glycolic acid is a powerhouse ingredient that addresses multiple skin concerns, making it a versatile addition to any skincare routine. But how does it compare to other active ingredients? Let’s explore other popular ingredients vs glycolic acid.

Glycolic Acid drops from your personalized skincare system

ARTICLE CONTENT

> What is Glycolic Acid?
> Glycolic Acid vs Lactic Acid 
> Glycolic Acid vs Retinol
> Glycolic Acid vs Mandelic Acid
> Glycolic Acid vs Niacinamide
> Glycolic Acid vs Vitamin C
> Glycolic Acid vs Salicylic Acid
> Glycolic Acid vs Azelaic acid
> Glycolic Acid vs Hyaluronic Acid
> Glycolic Acid vs Benzoyl Peroxide
> FAQ

Glycolic Acid vs Lactic Acid 

What is Lactic Acid?

Lactic acid is another type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), derived from milk and other fermented products. Unlike glycolic acid, lactic acid has a larger molecular size, which means it penetrates the skin more slowly and is generally gentler. Lactic acid is known for its ability to exfoliate the skin, improve the skin’s appearance, and boost hydration by stimulating the skin's natural moisture factors.

Which is more hydrating Glycolic Acid or Lactic Acid?

When it comes to hydration, lactic acid takes the lead. Its larger molecules attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an excellent choice for those with dry or sensitive improve your skin. Lactic acid not only exfoliates but also enhances the skin's ability to retain moisture, resulting in a plumper, more hydrated complexion. Glycolic acid, while effective in promoting cell turnover and reducing dullness, does not provide the same level of hydration as lactic acid.

Which is best for which skin type?

  • Glycolic Acid: Best suited for normal to oily skin types. Its deep skin penetration makes it effective for tackling issues such as acne, hyperpigmentation, and signs of aging. People with sensitive skin should use it with caution due to its potential for irritation.
  • Lactic Acid: Ideal for dry and sensitive skin. Its gentler nature makes it suitable for those who need mild exfoliation and added hydration. It's also a good option for individuals new to AHAs or those with sensitive skin.

Can You Use Lactic Acid and Glycolic Acid Together?

Combining glycolic and lactic can be beneficial, but requires careful management to avoid excessive exfoliation. Using them together can improve exfoliation and hydration, but it's essential to start slowly and monitor your skin's response using sunscreen. A good option is to alternate their use, applying glycolic acid one night and lactic acid the next, or using them at different times of the day. This way, you can enjoy the benefits of both acids without overwhelming your skin.
glycolic and lactic

Glycolic Acid vs Retinol

What is Retinol?

Retinol, a derivative of vitamin A, is a potent ingredient widely used in skincare for its anti-aging and acne-fighting properties. Retinol works by increasing cell turnover and stimulating collagen production, which helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation. It's also effective in unclogging pores and preventing acne breakouts, making it a versatile ingredient for a variety of skin concerns.

Is Glycolic Acid or Retinol better for acne scarring?

Both glycolic acid and retinol can be effective for treating acne scarring, but they work in different ways:

Retinol penetrates deeper into the skin, boosting collagen production and promoting the right for your skin. This makes it particularly effective for deeper acne scars and overall skin renewal.
In terms of long-term effectiveness, retinol serum may offer more significant improvements for deeper acne scars due to its ability to stimulate collagen. However, glycolic acid can provide quicker visible results on the skin's surface.

Can Glycolic Acid and Retinol be used together?

Using glycolic acid and retinol together can enhance their benefits, but it requires careful application to avoid irritation. Here are some tips for combining them:

  • Start Slowly: Introduce each ingredient into your routine gradually. Begin with retinol, using it a few times a week, and slowly add glycolic acid on alternate nights.
  • Layering: If your skin tolerates both well, you can layer them by applying glycolic acid first and then retinol serum. However, this should be done cautiously and ideally under the guidance of a dermatologist.
  • Separate Times: Consider using one in the morning (glycolic acid) and the other at night (retinol) to minimize the risk of irritation.

Both ingredients can significantly improve skin texture, tone, and clarity when used correctly, offering a synergistic approach to skincare.

"For deeper acne scars, retinol is often more effective due to its ability to stimulate collagen production. However, glycolic acid can be a great option for surface-level scarring and overall skin texture improvement."

Dr Jane Smith, Dermatologist

Glycolic Acid vs Mandelic Acid

What is Mandelic Acid?

Mandelic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds. It has a larger molecular size compared to glycolic acid, which means it penetrates the skin more slowly and is generally gentler. Mandelic acid is known for its ability to exfoliate the skin, improve texture, and address hyperpigmentation. Its gentler nature makes it suitable for sensitive skin types and those who may find glycolic acid too harsh.

Is Mandelic Acid or Glycolic Acid better for aging skin?

Both mandelic acid and glycolic acid can be beneficial for aging skin, but they have different strengths:

Mandelic Acid due to its larger molecular size, mandelic acid is less likely to cause irritation, making it suitable for sensitive or rosacea-prone skin. It helps in improving skin texture, reducing fine lines, and addressing hyperpigmentation with a lower risk of side effects.

Known for its smaller molecular size, glycolic acid penetrates deeper into the skin, making it highly effective for stimulating collagen production and reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. It can provide more noticeable improvements for aging skin, but it may also be more irritating to your skin.

Can I use Mandelic Acid and Glycolic Acid together?

Combining mandelic acid and glycolic acid can enhance the benefits of both acids, but it requires careful application to avoid over-exfoliation and irritation. Here are some tips:

  • Alternate Use: Use mandelic acid and glycolic acid on different nights to allow your skin to adjust and benefit from each ingredient without overwhelming it.
  • Patch Test: Always perform a patch test when introducing new acids to your skincare routine to ensure your skin can tolerate them without adverse reactions.
  • Gradual Introduction: Start with lower concentrations and gradually increase the frequency and strength of each acid as your skin builds tolerance.
    Using these acids together can provide comprehensive exfoliation, improving skin texture, tone, and overall clarity while minimizing the risk of irritation.

Glycolic Acid vs Niacinamide

What is Niacinamide?

Niacinamide, also known as vitamin B3, is a versatile skincare ingredient renowned for its anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing properties. It helps to strengthen the skin barrier, improve skin elasticity, even out skin tone, and reduce the appearance of enlarged pores. Niacinamide is also effective in regulating oil production and providing hydration, making it suitable for various skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

Which is better for pigmentation Glycolic Acid or Niacinamide?

Both glycolic acid and niacinamide can help address pigmentation skin issues, but they work differently:

  • Glycolic Acid: By exfoliating the top layer of the skin, glycolic acid accelerates the removal of dead skin cells and promotes cell turnover, which can help reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation over time.
  • Niacinamide: This ingredient works by inhibiting the transfer of pigment within the skin, which helps to lighten dark spots and even out skin tone. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe the skin and reduce redness associated with pigmentation.

For pigmentation issues, using both ingredients can be beneficial, as glycolic acid can exfoliate and prep the skin for better absorption of niacinamide, which then works to lighten the dark spots.

Which is better for acné scars Glycolic Acid or Niacinamide?

When it comes to treating acne scars, both glycolic acid and niacinamide offer benefits:

  • Niacinamide: Known for its anti-inflammatory effects, niacinamide can help reduce redness and discoloration associated with acne scars. It also supports the skin's barrier function, which aids in the healing process.

Combining these two can provide a comprehensive approach to treating acne scars: glycolic acid can exfoliate and smooth the skin's surface, while niacinamide can soothe and lighten the scars.

Can Glycolic Acid be used with Niacinamide?

Yes, glycolic acid and niacinamide can be used together, but it is essential to apply them correctly to avoid irritation:

  • Layering: Apply glycolic acid first, as it exfoliates and preps the skin, allowing for better absorption of niacinamide. Wait a few minutes before applying niacinamide to ensure the skin has adjusted.
  • Separate Times: Alternatively, use glycolic acid in your evening routine and niacinamide in the morning to minimize the risk of irritation.

By combining these two ingredients, you can enjoy the benefits of exfoliation, improved skin texture, and reduced pigmentation and acne scars.

"For acne scars, combining glycolic acid's exfoliation with niacinamide's soothing and pigment-lightening properties can provide a well-rounded approach to improving skin texture and tone."

Dr Michael Carter, Aging Doctor

Glycolic Acid vs Vitamin C

What is Vitamin C used for?

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a powerful antioxidant widely used in skincare for its brightening and anti-aging properties. It helps to neutralize free radicals, boost collagen production, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and fade hyperpigmentation. Vitamin C also protects the skin from environmental damage caused by UV rays and pollution, making it a crucial ingredient for maintaining a skin healthy, radiant complexion.

Which is better for skin-brightening Glycolic Acid or Vitamin C?

Both glycolic acid and vitamin C are effective for skin-brightening, but they work through different mechanisms:

As an antioxidant, vitamin C inhibits melanin production, which helps to lighten dark spots and even out skin tone. Its ability to reduce oxidative stress also contributes to a brighter complexion. For optimal brightening results, using both ingredients in your skincare routine can provide a synergistic effect, enhancing the overall radiance and clarity of your skin.

Putting Glycolic Acid and Vitamin C together

Using glycolic acid and vitamin C together can maximize their benefits, but it requires careful application to avoid potential irritation:

  • Timing: Consider using glycolic acid in the evening and vitamin C in the morning. Glycolic acid exfoliates and preps the skin, allowing vitamin C to penetrate more effectively and provide its antioxidant protection during the day.
  • Layering: If you prefer to use them together in the same routine, apply glycolic acid first to exfoliate and then wait a few minutes before applying vitamin C. This allows your skin to adjust and minimizes the risk of irritation.

Combining these ingredients can help you achieve a brighter, more even skin tone while addressing multiple skin concerns, such as hyperpigmentation and signs of aging.

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Glycolic Acid vs Salicylic Acid

What is Salicilic Acid?

Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) derived from willow bark. It is oil-soluble, which allows it to penetrate deep into the pores, making it particularly effective for treating acne and oily skin. Salicylic acid works by exfoliating the inside walls of the pores, reducing sebum production, and preventing the formation of acne. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that help to calm irritated skin.

Which is better for a chemical peel Glycolic Acid or Salicylic Acid?

When it comes to chemical peels, both glycolic acid and salicylic acid offer distinct benefits:

Ideal for those looking to improve skin texture, reduce fine lines, and brighten the complexion. Glycolic acid peels exfoliate the surface layer of the skin, promoting cell turnover and revealing fresher skin underneath. They are best suited for dry, normal, and combination skin types.

Salicylic acid peels penetrate deep into the pores, helping to clear out excess oil, dead skin cells, and impurities. They are excellent for reducing blackheads, whiteheads, and overall acne. Particularly effective for acne-prone and oily skin.

Which is better for acne breakouts Glycolic Acid or  Salicylic Acid?

For acne breakouts, salicylic acid generally has the upper hand due to its ability to penetrate the pores:

 As a BHA, it dissolves oil and debris inside the pores, making it highly effective for treating and preventing acne. Its anti-inflammatory properties also help to reduce redness and swelling associated with acne. While glycolic acid However, it can be beneficial for those with mild acne or as a complementary treatment alongside salicylic acid.

Which is better for anti-aging Glycolic Acid or Salicylic Acid?

Both acids can contribute to anti-aging, but glycolic acid is generally more effective for its ability to stimulate collagen production and promote cell turnover, it provides a more noticeable improvement in skin texture and elasticity. However, by keeping the pores clear, salicylic acid can help to maintain a smoother complexion.

Can I combine Glycolic Acid with Salicylic Acid?

Yes, glycolic acid and salicylic acid can be used together, but it’s important to do so carefully to avoid irritation:

  • Alternate Use: Use glycolic acid and salicylic acid on different days or at different times of the day to reduce the risk of over-exfoliation and irritation.
  • Patch Test: Always perform a patch test when introducing new acids to your skincare routine to ensure your skin can tolerate them without adverse reactions.
  • Monitor Skin Response: Pay attention to how your skin responds and adjust usage accordingly. If irritation occurs, reduce the frequency or concentration of one or both acids.

Combining these acids can provide comprehensive exfoliation and acne treatment, leading to clearer, smoother, and more radiant skin.

Precautions When Using Glycolic and Salicylic Acid

  • Post-Treatment Care: Avoid using glycolic acid after treatments like microdermabrasion or any procedure that removes the top skin layer.
  • Sun Exposure: Discontinue use while being at the beach or exposed to the sun, and always use sunscreen.
  • Consultation: Consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin, are pregnant, or plan to use high concentrations of these acids.

"Combining glycolic and salicylic acids can be beneficial but should be approached with caution. Alternate their use and closely monitor your skin's reaction to prevent over-exfoliation."

Dr Rachel Edwards, Dermatologist

Glycolic Acid vs Azelaic acid

What is Azelaic Acid?

Azelaic acid is a found naturally occurring acid found in grains like barley, wheat, and rye. It is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it particularly effective for treating acne and rosacea. Azelaic acid works by inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria and normalizing the shedding of dead skin cells, which helps to prevent clogged pores. Additionally, it can reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation and improve overall growth of new skin.

Which is better for skin glow Glycolic Acid or Azelaic Acid?

Both glycolic acid and azelaic acid can enhance skin glow, but they do so in different ways:

Azelaic acid helps to improve skin texture and tone through its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It can reduce redness and fade hyperpigmentation, leading to a more even and glowing complexion.

For a noticeable skin glow, glycolic acid might be more effective due to its strong exfoliating properties. However, azelaic acid offers additional benefits for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin.

Can I use Glycolic Acid and Azelaic Acid together?

Yes, glycolic acid and azelaic acid can be used together, but it’s important to introduce them into your routine gradually to avoid potential irritation:

  • Layering: Apply glycolic acid first, as it exfoliates and preps the skin, allowing better absorption of azelaic acid. Wait a few minutes before applying azelaic acid to ensure your skin has adjusted.
  • Separate Times: Alternatively, use glycolic acid in the evening and azelaic acid in the morning to minimize the risk of irritation and allow your skin to benefit from both ingredients.

Combining these acids can provide comprehensive benefits, including exfoliation, improved skin texture, reduced acne, and a more even skin tone.

Glycolic Acid vs Hyaluronic Acid

What is Hyaluronic Acid?

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the skin known for its incredible ability to retain moisture. It can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water, making it a highly effective hydrating ingredient. Hyaluronic acid helps to keep the skin plump, smooth, and hydrated by drawing moisture from the environment into the skin. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

Is Hyaluronic Acid or Glycolic Acid better for aging skin?

Both hyaluronic acid and glycolic acid offer benefits for aging skin, but they address different aspects of the aging process:

  • Hyaluronic Acid: Primarily a humectant, hyaluronic acid focuses on hydration. By keeping the skin well-hydrated, it helps to plump up the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Hydrated skin also has a more youthful, dewy appearance.
  • Glycolic Acid: An exfoliant, glycolic acid promotes cell turnover and stimulates collagen production, which can reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation. It helps to improve skin texture and elasticity over time.

For comprehensive anti-aging benefits, combining both ingredients in a skincare routine can be highly effective: hyaluronic acid for hydration and glycolic acid for exfoliation and collagen stimulation.

How can I use Glycolic Acid with Hyaluronic Acid?

Using glycolic acid and hyaluronic acid together can maximize their benefits, enhancing both hydration and exfoliation:

  • Layering: Apply glycolic acid first to exfoliate and prepare the skin, allowing better absorption of hyaluronic acid. Follow with hyaluronic acid to lock in moisture and provide hydration.
  • Separate Times: Alternatively, use glycolic acid in your evening routine and hyaluronic acid in the morning. This can help to maintain hydration throughout the day and promote skin renewal at night.

Combining these two ingredients can help achieve smoother, more hydrated, and youthful-looking skin.

A woman applying her custom skincare routine after doing her skin test and discover her personalized formula

Glycolic Acid vs Benzoyl Peroxide

What is Benzoyl Peroxide?

Benzoyl peroxide is a powerful antimicrobial agent commonly used in acne treatments. It works by penetrating the pores and eliminating acne-causing bacteria, reducing inflammation, and preventing new acne lesions from forming. Benzoyl peroxide also has mild exfoliating properties, which help to clear dead skin cells and prevent clogged pores. It is particularly effective for treating inflammatory acne, such as pustules and cysts.

Which is more effective for acne Glycolic Acid or Benzoyl Peroxide?

Both glycolic acid and benzoyl peroxide are effective for treating acne, but they target different aspects of the condition:

Known for its antibacterial properties, benzoyl peroxide is highly effective against inflammatory acne. It kills the bacteria responsible for acne, reduces inflammation, and helps to prevent new breakouts.
For comprehensive acne treatment, using both ingredients can be beneficial. Glycolic acid can exfoliate the skin and enhance the penetration of benzoyl peroxide, while benzoyl peroxide targets the bacteria causing the acne.

Can I used Glycolic Acid at the same time with Benzoyl Peroxide?

Yes, glycolic acid and benzoyl peroxide can be used together, but it requires careful application to avoid irritation:

  • Start Slowly: Introduce each ingredient into your routine gradually. Begin with benzoyl peroxide, using it a few times a week, and slowly add glycolic acid on alternate nights.
  • Layering: If your skin tolerates both well, you can layer them by applying glycolic acid first and then benzoyl peroxide. However, this should be done cautiously and ideally under the guidance of a dermatologist.
  • Separate Times: Consider using glycolic acid in the morning and benzoyl peroxide at night, or on different days, to minimize the risk of irritation and allow your skin to benefit from both treatments.

Combining these ingredients can provide a robust approach to acne management, addressing both surface-level and deeper skin concerns.

If you are using the Lesielle Adaptative System, you will be able to try different combinations by only switching the actives of your treatment (you will find different alternatives in our range of actives). This will help you to find the perfect combination for your skin and enjoy the custom skincare advantages

Choosing the right active ingredient depends on your specific skin concerns and type. Glycolic acid offers excellent exfoliation and anti-aging benefits, but alternatives like lactic acid, retinol, salicylic acid, mandelic acid, and azelaic acid can be more suitable for sensitive skin, acne, or other specific needs. Combining these ingredients thoughtfully can maximize their benefits, providing a comprehensive approach to skincare.

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Frequent asked questions about Glycolic Acid

What is better than glycolic acid?

The best skincare ingredient depends on your specific skin concerns and type. Here are some alternatives that might be more suitable for different needs:

 Lactic acid provides effective exfoliation, improves skin texture, and boosts hydration by attracting moisture to the skin. It helps to reduce pigmentation and is suitable for those with dry or sensitive skin who may find glycolic acid too harsh.

Retinol is renowned for its anti-aging properties. It accelerates cell turnover, boosts collagen production, and reduces the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation. Retinol also helps to unclog pores and prevent acne. It is more effective than glycolic acid for deep-set wrinkles and significant signs of aging but can be irritating for some, especially when first introduced.  Salicylic acid also has anti-inflammatory properties that help calm irritated skin, making it a superior choice for acne-prone skin compared to glycolic acid.

What is the best alternative to glycolic acid?

If you are looking for alternatives to glycolic acid, consider the following:

  • Lactic Acid: Offers similar exfoliating benefits but is less irritating, making it suitable for sensitive skin.
  • Mandelic Acid: An AHA with a larger molecular size, mandelic acid is gentler and penetrates the skin more slowly, reducing the risk of irritation while providing effective exfoliation and brightening.

Which acid is best for acne?

For treating acne, salicylic acid is often considered the best option:

  • Salicylic Acid: As a BHA, it penetrates deep into the pores, exfoliating from within and clearing out excess oil, dead skin cells, and impurities. This helps to reduce and prevent acne breakouts.
  • Benzoyl Peroxide: Another effective ingredient for acne, benzoyl peroxide kills acne-causing bacteria and reduces inflammation, making it particularly useful for inflammatory acne such as pustules and cysts.

Which acid is best for dark spots?

Both glycolic acid and vitamin C are effective for treating dark spots:

  • Glycolic Acid: Exfoliates the skin and promotes cell turnover, helping to fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation over time.
  • Vitamin C: Inhibits melanin production, lightens dark spots, and provides antioxidant protection, leading to a brighter and more even skin tone.
    Additionally, niacinamide is effective for reducing dark spots by inhibiting pigment transfer and providing anti-inflammatory benefits, making it suitable for sensitive skin.

Who shouldn't use glycolic acid

Individuals with extremely sensitive skin, rosacea, eczema, or those who have recently undergone certain dermatological treatments (such as chemical peels or laser therapy) should avoid glycolic acid. It can cause irritation, redness, and exacerbate existing skin conditions. Always perform a patch test before incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine, and consult with a dermatologist if you have any underlying skin care conditions.

Here you have a deeper comparison between the two more used chemical exfoliants: glycolic acid vs salicylic acid

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfwEAM7bdps

Studies

  • Stability Determination of the Various Cosmetic Formulations containing Glycolic Acid 
    (Hye-yeon Yeo & Jeong-hee Kim, 2018)

  • Inhibitory effect of glycolic acid on ultraviolet B-induced c-fos expression, AP-1 activation and p53-p21 response in a human keratinocyte cell line 
    (K. Ahn et al., 2002)

  • Glycolic acid inhibits enzymatic, hemorrhagic and edema-inducing activities of BaP1, a P-I metalloproteinase from Bothrops asper snake venom: insights from docking and molecular modeling. (J. A. Pereañez et al., 2013)

  • Lactobionic acid in a natural alkylpolyglucoside‐based vehicle: assessing safety and efficacy aspects in comparison to glycolic acid (M. Tasić-Kostov et al., 2010)

  • Inhibitory effect of glycolic acid on ultraviolet‐induced skin tumorigenesis in SKH‐1 hairless mice and its mechanism of action (J. Hong et al., 2001)

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